S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH. III, Const. She is "the mother of the members of Christ . In B. V. (35) On this foundation the Church is built by the apostles,(36) and from it the Church receives durability and consolidation. Continuing in that same undertaking, this Council is resolved to declare and proclaim before all men the doctrine concerning bishops, the successors of the apostles, who together with the successor of Peter, the Vicar of Christ,(2*) the visible Head of the whole Church, govern the house of the living God. Israel according to the flesh, which wandered as an exile in the desert, was already called the Church of God. . 1, 35; Mc. S. Ignatius M., Trall. Lumen Gentium represents an important synthesis of Biblical, Patristic, medieval and Tridentine ecclesiology, combined with orthodox elements of the new theological movement. VIII: The Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, in the Mys tery of Christ & of the Church (52-69) -Preface (52-54) a. Mary's relation to Christ in the divine plan of redemptive Incarnation (52) 1) God revealed that to save us He sent His Son "born of a woman" (Gal 4:4f) 1890 AAS 22 (1889-90) p. 392. Lateranense anni 649, Can. Finally it clearly shows all men both the unsurpassed breadth of the strength of Christ the King and the infinite power of the Holy Spirit marvelously working in the Church. (6*) Through Baptism we are formed in the likeness of Christ: "For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body". V, 28, 39; PL 43, 197: Certe manifestum est, id quod dicitur, in Ecdesia intus et foris, in corde, non in corpore cogitandum. Mc lc. IV. In the beginning God made human nature one and decreed that all His children, scattered as they were, would finally be gathered together as one. Didache, 15, 1: ib., p. 32. Encycl. Over the course of history, by reason of the fact that the Church is a mystery, scholars have used Scriptural images such as the mystical body, sheepfold and cultivated field, as a means . (126) But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. I De Ecclesia Christi, cap. A bishop marked with the fullness of the sacrament of Orders, is "the steward of the grace of the supreme priesthood," (48*) especially in the Eucharist, which he offers or causes to be offered,(49*) and by which the Church continually lives and grows. Trid., l. c., Denz. (10) Cfr. 62, a. (53) In this way all of us are made members of His Body,(54) "but severally members one of another". His plan was to raise men to a participation of the divine life. The Lord Jesus, the divine Teacher and Model of all perfection, preached holiness of life to each and everyone of His disciples of every condition. Vaticanum Const. Vat. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. (42*) And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. For this reason it is clearly stated that hierarchical communion with the head and members of the church is required. (Cfr. The Mystery of the Church. (38) Cfr. 4: PG 97, 1321 B. (18) S. Ambrosius, Expos. The former is a danger; the latter, salvation" (1*). Humani genesis, 12 Aug. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) p. 571. Lumen Gentium is a powerful reminder to Catholics that the Church is a holy society, with necessary, visible structures that were instituted by Christ Himself. But often men, deceived by the Evil One, have become vain in their reasonings and have exchanged the truth of God for a lie, serving the creature rather than the Creator. p. 212.-| Conc. 117:22. Iubilate Deo, 8 maii 1960: AAS S2 (1960) p. 466. Trid., Sess. 24:45-48; Jn. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. S. Augustinus, Serm. 23 mart. Nel darvi, 1 iul. Can. The Lord Jesus, after praying to the Father, calling to Himself those whom He desired, appointed twelve to be with Him, and whom He would send to preach the Kingdom of God;(137) and these apostles(138) He formed after the manner of a college or a stable group, over which He placed Peter chosen from among them. S. Cyprianus, Epist. Act. (15) De spirituali paupertate et oboedientia testimonia praccipua S.Scripturae et Patrum afferuntur in Relatione pp. 53. (98) For He has bought it for Himself with His blood,(99) has filled it with His Spirit and provided it with those means which befit it as a visible and social union. The members of these institutes, in fulfilling their obligation to the Church due to their particular form of life, ought to show reverence and obedience to bishops according to the sacred canons. Sitting at the right hand of the Father, He is continually active in the world that He might lead men to the Church and through it join them to Himself and that He might make them partakers of His glorious life by nourishing them with His own Body and Blood. Primasius, Comm. (47) The Church, while on earth it journeys in a foreign land away from the Lord,(48) is like in exile. 2. 3. 30. 1. Relatio Kleutgen de Schemate reformato: Mansi S3, 321 B - 322 B et declaratio Zinelli: Mansi 52 1110 A. Vide etiam S. Leonem M. Scrm. In no way does it impede, but rather does it foster the immediate union of the faithful with Christ. Priests, prudent cooperators with the Episcopal order,(72*) its aid and instrument, called to serve the people of God, constitute one priesthood (73*) with their bishop although bound by a diversity of duties. Conc. I, cap. And as they sanctify and govern under the bishop's authority, that part of the Lord's flock entrusted to them they make the universal Church visible in their own locality and bring an efficacious assistance to the building up of the whole body of Christ. Encycl Orientalis Ecclesiae, 9 apr. 1782 (3001). (51) In this sacred rite a oneness with Christ's death and resurrection is both symbolized and brought about: "For we were buried with Him by means of Baptism into death"; and if "we have been united with Him in the likeness of His death, we shall be so in the likeness of His resurrection also". Decr., p. 8. Acts 4:11; 1 Pt. Through their baptism and confirmation all are commissioned to that apostolate by the Lord Himself. Dedicated to duties of charity and of administration, let deacons be mindful of the admonition of Blessed Polycarp: "Be merciful, diligent, walking according to the truth of the Lord, who became the servant of all."(75*). The mind of the Council becomes known either from the matter treated or from its manner of speaking, in accordance with the norms of theological interpretation. (30) On that land the ancient olive tree grows whose holy roots were the Prophets and in which the reconciliation of Jews and Gentiles has been brought about and will be brought about. (62*) They have legitimately handed on to different individuals in the Church various degrees of participation in this ministry. to the state of those faithful called the laity. III, q. 17. "(3*) Wherefore she is hailed as a pre-eminent and singular member of the Church, and as its type and excellent exemplar in faith and charity. Cfr. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. In all of Christ's disciples the Spirit arouses the desire to be peacefully united, in the manner determined by Christ, as one flock under one shepherd, and He prompts them to pursue this end. It flows forth from the superabundance of the merits of Christ, rests on His mediation, depends entirely on it and draws all its power from it. 161 Cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, 1963. . 44, 7: PG SS, 193. Communion is a notion which is held in high honor in the ancient Church (and also today, especially in the East). Rather John XXIII believed it necessary for the Church to face the challenges of the modern world. S. Irenaeus, Adv. The rest of the things which the sacred Council sets forth, inasmuch as they are the teaching of the Church's supreme magisterium, ought to be accepted and embraced by each and every one of Christ's faithful according to the mind of the sacred Council. (55*). Apost. Relatio Zinelli: Mand 1 2, 1114 D. (61) Cfr. 20:4. Can., c. 29 1. (2) Praeter documenta antiquiora contra quamlibet formam evocationis spirituum inde ab Alexandro IV (27 sept. 1958), cfr Encycl. In LG 16, the council addresses the important question regarding the possible fate of the unevangelized who, through no fault of their ownthe invincibly ignoranthave failed to respond to the Gospel. He is before all creatures and in Him all things hold together. - S. Germanus Constantinop., in S. Dei gen. dorm. St. Augustine puts this very beautifully when he says: "What I am for you terrifies me; what I am with you consoles me. Epist. (1*) In the present era of time the Church was constituted and, by the outpouring of the Spirit, was made manifest. (16*) This, however, is to be so understood that it neither takes away from nor adds anything to the dignity and efficaciousness of Christ the one Mediator.(17*). Haer, 111 24, 1: PG 7, 966 B; Harvey 2, 13i, ed. All men are called to this union with Christ, who is the light of the world, from whom we go forth, through whom we live, and toward whom our whole life strains. Besides these already named, there are also laymen, chosen of God and called by the bishop. It pertains to the competent territorial bodies of bishops, of one kind or another, with the approval of the Supreme Pontiff, to decide whether and where it is opportune for such deacons to be established for the care of souls. Origenes, Comm. Despite the great changes that Vatican II brought to the Church, few people grasp the council's teachings, or are aware of the debates that have taken place in the past four decades regarding the council's authentic reception and implementation To respond to this pressing pastoral reality, distinguished theologian and professor Richard R. Gaillardetz focuses on three of the council's documents . 1, 26: PL 23, 247 A. S. Augustinus, In Ps. 1, I, i, p. 22. The Church not only raises the religious profession to the dignity of a canonical state by her approval, but even manifests that this profession is a state consecrated to God by the liturgical setting of that profession. S. Cyrillus Alex., Glaph in Gen. 2, 10: PG 69, 110 A. IV 17, 5; PG 7, 1023; Harvey, 2, p. 199 s. Conc. IV, 26, 2; col. 1O53, Harvey 2, 236, necnon IV, 33, 8; col. 1077; Harvey 2, 262. Sources Chret., pp. Encycl. V, c. 2, n. 9; et Sess. (50*) For in their locality these are the new People called by God, in the Holy Spirit and in much fullness. This union is experienced and continually maintained through the Eucharist. - S. Ambrosius, De inst. (25) Cfr. The Church recognizes that in many ways she is linked with those who, being baptized, are honored with the name of Christian, though they do not profess the faith in its entirety or do not preserve unity of communion with the successor of Peter. The phrase "with the consent of its head" is used to avoid the idea of dependence on some kind of outsider; the term "consent" suggests rather communion between the head and the members, and implies the need for an act which belongs properly to the competence of the head. 2. (17) Cfr. S. Ignatius M., Ad Rom., Praef. 122 Cf. 4. Magno gaudio, 23 maii 1964: AAS 56 (1964) p. 566. Chapter two of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) gives prominence to a scriptural and patristic image of the Church as the People of God. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. At the end of time it will gloriously achieve completion, when, as is read in the Fathers, all the just, from Adam and "from Abel, the just one, to the last of the elect,"(2*) will be gathered together with the Father in the universal Church. (62) Cfr. The faithful, therefore, must learn the deepest meaning and the value of all creation, as well as its role in the harmonious praise of God. (1) S. Augustinus, Serm. Officii 20 dec. 1949: AAS 42 (1950) p.142. S. Andreas Cret., In nat. They are more perfectly bound to the Church by the sacrament of Confirmation, and the Holy Spirit endows them with special strength so that they are more strictly obliged to spread and defend the faith, both by word and by deed, as true witnesses of Christ (5*). She herself is a virgin, who keeps the faith given to her by her Spouse whole and entire. Gentium. These pastors, chosen to shepherd the Lord's flock of the elect, are servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God,(151) to whom has been assigned the bearing of witness to the Gospel of the grace of God,(152) and the ministration of the Spirit and of justice in glory.(153). Conc. 8; Magn. Finally, those who engage in laborand frequently it is of a heavy natureshould better themselves by their human labors. De Sacra Liturgia, cap. (27*) This power can be exercised only with the consent of the Roman Pontiff. (6*) Among those various ministries which, according to tradition, were exercised in the Church from the earliest times, the chief place belongs to the office of those who, appointed to the episcopate, by a succession running from the beginning,(7*) are passers-on of the apostolic seed. Let them assiduously keep away from whatever, either by word or deed, could lead separated brethren or any other into error regarding the true doctrine of the Church. The Church indeed, contemplating her hidden sanctity, imitating her charity and faithfully fulfilling the Father's will, by receiving the word of God in faith becomes herself a mother. : PL 16, 320. Encycl. 2; etc. The Word of the Lord is compared to a seed which is sown in a field;(19) those who hear the Word with faith and become part of the little flock of Christ,(20) have received the Kingdom itself. They manifest this special property by means of the whole peoples' supernatural discernment in matters of faith when "from the Bishops down to the last of the lay faithful" (8*) they show universal agreement in matters of faith and morals. 839. Trid., Sess. (209) Clearly then a great promise and a great trust is committed to the disciples: "All things are yours, and you are Christ's, and Christ is God's".(210). Pius XII, Alloc. in lob, XXVIII, V: PL 76, 455-456. Sagnard, Sources Chr., p 398. 35, De invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis Sanctorum et sacris imaginibus: Denz. Education, Spirituality, Vatican II. (188) Let them remember that by their daily life and interests they are showing the face of a truly sacerdotal and pastoral ministry to the faithful and the infidel, to Catholics and non-Catholics, and that to all they bear witness to the truth and life, and as good shepherds go after those also,(189) who though baptized in the Catholic Church have fallen away from the use of the sacraments, or even from the faith. 2:11-12; 1 Pet. (47) Conc. Ps.-Petrus Dam. (2) Cfr. (39) Cfr. Alla vostra filfale. (1*) While it transcends all limits of time and confines of race, the Church is destined to extend to all regions of the earth and so enters into the history of mankind. passim. 2, 2 Tit. (272)(5*) Thus by their brotherly interest our weakness is greatly strengthened. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. Since this is so, the spiritual life of these people should then be devoted to the welfare of the whole Church. 840 (1580). (32*) For this reason the individual bishops represent each his own church, but all of them together and with the Pope represent the entire Church in the bond of peace, love and unity. 13, 7: Eccli 44-50, Nebr. In line with all significant Roman Catholic Church documents, it is colloquially known ad Lumen Gentium (Light of the Nations), the first words in the document. 63 Cf. In this manner, through the members of the Church, will Christ progressively illumine the whole of human society with His saving light. . Cfr. (4) Cfr. Pastor aeternus, 3: Denz. 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