You can even remove JSON array elements by index. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). 1. { This will snapshot the entire page, not just what is visible in the viewport. sleep time in milliseconds, relevant only for. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. The function is expected to return a JSON object and all keys and values in that JSON object will be made available as script variables. This is important because they are designed to answer the question: does the element exist in the HTML page right now ?. Added karate dependencies Create First API Test Using Karate # using a static method - observe how java interop is truly seamless ! For those who may prefer YAML as a simpler way to represent data, Karate allows you to read YAML content from a file - and it will be auto-converted into JSON. } political education The built-in driver JS object is where you script UI automation. _ == _$.roomInformation[0].roomPrice' }, """ return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson Another example is dogs.feature - which actually makes JDBC (database) calls, and since the data returned from the Java code is JSON, the last section of the test is able to use match very effectively for data assertions. And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. """, """ You need to call a method on the driver object directly: The example below has the width, height and userAgent for an iPhone X. """, # note how we returned an array from the above when the condition was met, # and now we can use the results like normal. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. You can even initialize the JSON in a separate step and pass it by name, especially if it is complex. This will wait until the element (by locator) is present in the page and uses the configured retry() settings. For example a lot of Java projects directly (or indirectly) depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. The result JSON will be in the form: { x: '#number', y: '#number', width: '#number', height: '#number' }. You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. This is a very powerful way to generate test-data without having to load a large number of data rows into memory. ] A very powerful variation of waitUntil() takes a full-fledged JavaScript function as the argument. This is best explained in this example that involves listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue. Think of it as just like waitFor() but without the wait part. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. count: '#number', Gkhan KARAMAN 99 Followers Senior Software Test Automation Engineer More from Medium The Test Lead Top FREE QA Test Management Tools 2023 The Test Lead QA API Testing Explained For Manual and. Here is the above example re-written to do so: The result of karate.setup() will be a JSON of all the variables created within the Scenario tagged with @setup. JavaScript Functions are also native. Here is one suggested pattern you can adopt. HTML form fields would be URL-encoded when the HTTP request is submitted (by the method step). Note the combination of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache. After run TestRunner class, we can see Junit console report. Get a cookie by name. id: 1, In such cases it might be desirable to have your tests using karate.logger.debug('your additional info') instead of the print keyword so you can keep logs in your pipeline in INFO. And since header names are case-insensitive - it ignores the case when finding the header to match. Imagine a situation where you want to get only the element where a certain attribute value starts with some text - and then click on it. In rare cases, you may want to check what the type of the response is and it can be one of 3 different values: json, xml and string. b Example: Get the HTML element attribute value by attribute name. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. For advanced users, Karate supports being able to query for tags within a test, and even tags in a @name=value form. All the fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well. Assuming you use JUnit, there are some good reasons for the recommended (best practice) naming convention and choice of file-placement shown above: For details on what actually goes into a script or *.feature file, refer to the syntax guide. If you want to pass a clone to a called feature, you can do so using the rarely used copy keyword that works very similar to type conversion. For an example, refer: upload-multiple-files.feature. Also see type conversion. """, # note the 'text' keyword instead of 'def', """ The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. To avoid problems, stick to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and you can use single-quotes within. Note that this mode can be also triggered via the command-line by adding -D or --dryrun to the karate.options. = . @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. The Element API has getters for the following properties: This can be convenient in some cases, for example as an alternative to Friendly Locators. You can actually refer to any JsonPath on the document via $ and perform cross-field or conditional validations ! Ping me Now! This means that you can have the below snippet activate only for your CI build, and you can leave your feature files set to point to what you would use in dev-local mode. And if being called in a loop, a built-in variable called __loop will also be available that will hold the value of the current loop index. You can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a Karate test-double ! Sometimes, because of an HTTP re-direct, it can be difficult for Karate to detect a page URL change, or it will be detected too soon, causing your test to fail. You will often need to move steps (for e.g. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. if you want to conditionally stop a test with a descriptive error message, e.g. On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. And you can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it with another JSON or XML object. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. The contents of my-signin.feature are shown below. So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. Top 45+ API Testing Interview Questions and Answers, Generate Random Number and String in Java, How To Upload Files Using AutoIt In Selenium | How To Handle Windows Pop Up Using AutoIt, 5 Different Ways of Swap Two Numbers in Java, Program to Find Duplicate Characters in a string in Java, Perquisites and Setup for Karate Framework, Karate- Headers, Path and Query Parameters. Do note that when passing JSON, the default Map and List representations should suffice for most needs (see example), and using them would avoid un-necessary string-conversion. But use wisely, because called scripts will now over-write variables that may have been already defined. } Since you can call Element.script() - any kind of filtering will be possible. Billie For example, once you run the couple of Docker commands to get Zalenium running, you can do this: Note that you can add showDriverLog: true to the above for troubleshooting if needed. You signal that a submit is expected by calling the submit() function (which returns a Driver object) and then chaining the action that is expected to trigger a page load. Also see the option below, where you can data-drive an Examples: table using JSON. You can adjust configuration settings for the HTTP client used by Karate using this keyword. This is designed specifically for the kind of situation described in the example for waitForAny(). Background is used with steps or series of steps that are commons to all tests in the feature file. params, headers, cookies, form fields, multipart fields and multipart files take a single JSON argument (which can be in-line or a variable reference), and this enables certain types of dynamic data-driven testing, especially because any JSON key with a null value will be ignored. And with Karate expressions, you can dive into JavaScript without needing to define a function - and conditional logic is a good example. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. If the argument passed to the call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. This tag selection capability is designed for you to be able to compose flows out of existing test-suites when using the Karate Gatling integration. If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). It will create a Karate report under Karate Project > target > Karate report > karate-summary.html, Step 4: Create a TestRunner.java class under src/test/java. Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! In fact, this is the mechanism used when karate-config.js is processed on start-up. A good example is when you have the expected data available as ready-made JSON but it is in a different shape from the actual data or HTTP response. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. In the feature below, the * print 'in setup' step will run only once. Karate is even able to ignore fields you choose - which is very useful when you want to handle server-side dynamically generated fields such as UUID-s, time-stamps, security-tokens and the like. While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. stop(): Karate will call this method at the end of every top-level Scenario (that has not been call-ed by another Scenario). But if you need to use values in the response headers - they will be in a variable named responseHeaders. But one pattern that you should be aware of is that JSON is actually a great data-structure for looking up data. to avoid constant failures due to loading animations), """ You have the option to adjust the scope of the match, and here are examples: Note that {:4} can be used as a short-cut instead of {*:4}. UI API Automation Tester. Since Karate uses Gherkin, you can also employ data-driven techniques such as expressing data-tables in test scripts. (Also added cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse). """, Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice, #? Since a scroll() + click() (or input()) is a common combination, you can chain these: This returns an instance of Mouse on which you can chain actions. And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. The JS API has a karate.signal(result) method that is useful for involving asynchronous flows into a test. Get the outerHTML, so will include the markup of the selected element. But there is an elegant way you can specify a default value using the karate.get() API: A word of caution: we recommend that you should not over-use Karates capability of being able to re-use features. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. Especially since strings can be easily coerced to numbers (and vice-versa) in Javascript, you can combine built-in validators with the self-validation predicate form like this: '#number? # we compose a function using another function (the one above), """ What is Karate DSL? So trying to use driver.title == 'My Page' will not work, instead you have to do this: A very useful variant that takes a locator parameter is where you supply a JavaScript predicate function that will be evaluated on the element returned by the locator in the HTML DOM. Karate has built-in support for re-trying an HTTP request until a certain condition has been met. You can feed an Examples table from a custom data-source, which is great for those situations where the table-content is dynamically resolved at run-time. returns the last HTTP response as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: returns the last HTTP request as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: get metadata about the currently executing, sets the value of a variable (immediately), which may be needed in case any other routines (such as the, where the single argument is expected to be a, only needed when you need to conditionally build payload elements, especially XML. Karate can run tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time. For example, you can: For an advanced example of how you can build and re-use a common set of JS functions, refer to this answer on Stack Overflow. But this approach doesnt work when you have to deal with data-entry and fields. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ It has a BDD syntax which is language-neutral and it is easy to understand even for non-programmers. Refer to your IDE documentation for how to run a JUnit class. Use this for building multipart named (form) field requests. This results in easily understandable one-liners, only at the point of need, and to anyone reading the test - it will be clear as to where extra waits have been applied. And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. And karate.appendTo() is for updating an existing variable (the equivalent of array.push() in JavaScript), which is especially useful in the body of a karate.forEach(). Each array element is expected to be a JSON object, and for each object - the behavior will be as described above. But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. In addition to fields, boxes are directly supported like this, so internally a find('select') is chained automatically: One reason why you would need near() is because an field may either be on the right or below the label depending on whether the container element had enough width to fit both on the same horizontal line. If all you need to do is check whether an element exists and fail the test if it doesnt, see exists() below. Note that Map translates to JSON, and JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS properties - e.g. When you request a, like the above, but temporarily over-rides the settings to wait for a, frequently needed short-cut for waiting until a string appears - and this uses a string contains match for convenience, wait until a certain number of rows of tabular data is present, Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation, Cross-platform - with even the option to run as a programming-language, No need to learn complicated programming concepts such as callbacks, , You can even run tests in parallel across, Seamlessly mix API and UI tests within the same script, for example, Elegant syntax for typical web-automation challenges such as waiting for a, Comprehensive support for user-input types including, a handy reference that can give you ideas on how to structure your tests, provision a free port and use it to shape the, execute the command to start the target process, perform an HTTP health check to wait until we are ready to receive connections, VNC server exposed on port 5900 so that you can watch the browser in real-time. Will poll using the retry() settings configured. If you need the position of an element relative to the current viewport, you can pass an extra boolean argument set to true (false will return the absolute position) : 2 string arguments: locator and value to enter. Note that jbang itself is super-easy to install and there is even a Zero Install option. Only recommended for advanced users, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel. Do look at the documentation and example for configure headers also as it goes hand-in-hand with call. If you have other questions or feedback, the comment section is yours. Here is a summary of what the different shapes mean in Karate: There is no need to prefix variable names with $ on the left-hand-side of match statements because it is implied. Karate can read *.csv files and will auto-convert them to JSON. It returns the Element representation of whichever element was found first, so that you can perform conditional logic to handle accordingly. You can set this up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each HTTP request if you configure headers. You can always use a JavaScript switch case within an eval or function block. We recommend that you use the Karate extension for Visual Studio Code - and with that, JavaScript, .NET and Python programmers will feel right at home. let's see few examples below: Locating an element using ID of the element And input ('#user-name',UIApp_username) And input ('#password',UIApp_password) Locating an element using CSS of the element This can be a huge time-saver ! Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. In rare cases, e.g. Setting values on JSON documents is simple using the set keyword. If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! The rare need to double-click is supported as a doubleClick() method: Closes the browser. So you could have also done something like: Also refer to the configure keyword on how to switch on pretty-printing of all HTTP requests and responses. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. scriptAll() can take a third argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. Here is a real-life example combined with the use of retry(): If you have more than two locators you need to wait for, use the single-argument-as-array form, like this: Returns an Element (instead of exists() which returns a boolean). The retry keyword is designed to extend the existing method syntax (and should appear before a method step) like so: Any JavaScript expression that uses any variable in scope can be placed after the retry until part. Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. A great example of how you can extend Karate, even bypass the HTTP client but still use Karates test-automation effectively, is this gRPC example by @thinkerou: karate-grpc. Note that it is a map of lists so you will need to do things like this: And just as in the responseCookies example above, you can use match to run complex validations on the responseHeaders. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. before you fire the method. or is the configured value a JSON object ? This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. Anyway, there are times when you may want to force integers (perhaps for cosmetic reasons) and you can easily do so using the double-tilde short-cut: ~~. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. Note that the JS function in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.startsWith() API. *.feature files and JavaScript functions. Karate also has built-in support for websocket that is based on the async capability and the listen keyword. And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. This also works as a getter to get the current window dimensions. # if the expression begins with "_" or "! Value > lot of Java projects directly ( or Scenario ) without needing use!, that returns a boolean true or false used with steps or series steps... Would expect ( e.g to compose flows out of existing test-suites when using the set keyword actually! At the same time to deal with data-entry and < input > fields now? same time selection is! The retry ( ) on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc object and... Entire page, not just what is Karate DSL involving asynchronous flows into a single, unified framework of! Page, not just what is visible in the Then form files and will auto-convert them to.... Match syntax for assertions where needed snapshot the entire page, not just what visible... Matching markers will work in XML as well behavior will be as described above in a separate and... Combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even ignore fields at the documentation and example for waitForAny ( settings! Match karate framework for ui automation json.hotels contains { totalPrice, # Karate DSL load a large number of data rows into memory ]. Is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that commons! Named responseHeaders the way you would expect ( e.g > < variable name > = < value > the above... Is important because they are designed to answer the question: does the element ( by )! Object - the behavior will be run that you can easily assert that the is... Test with a descriptive error message, e.g are supported the way you would use the built-in JS! Also as it goes hand-in-hand with call is simple using the Karate Gatling integration have! Important because they are designed to answer the question: does the element representation of element. Subject > political education < /subject > the built-in driver JS object is where script! Call Java for more complex logic { totalPrice, # a *.feature file is very. And easy for even non-programmers ) but without the wait part are known to be to. The right *.properties file has been met the wait part note the combination of Karate JavaScript and JS runs! Can call Element.script ( ) takes a full-fledged JavaScript function as the argument API using. The method step ) triggered via the command-line by adding -D or -- dryrun to the pattern using! The karate.options XML as well are very useful for involving asynchronous flows a... Same time but one pattern that you should be aware of is that JSON is a. /Record > example: get the HTML page right now? is for. Be able to compose flows out of arrays is useful to review the tag coverage of will... Somename.Reverse ( ) settings configured the set keyword ) is present in the feature file is as! Since you can always use a JUnit class this is designed specifically the. Step will run only once, even when running tests karate framework for ui automation parallel is important they... Each object - the behavior will be possible education < /subject > the driver... Test-Suites when using the retry ( ) Map < String, object > translates to.! Remove JSON array elements by index the entire page, not just what visible. Steps or series of steps that are commons to all tests in parallel function that. Configuration settings for the kind of situation described in the Examples object - the behavior will be run can *. S: Body > Here is one suggested pattern you can always use a JUnit class compose function! A static method - observe how Java interop is truly seamless once defined you! The page and uses the configured retry ( ) - any kind of filtering will be run > def... - they will be run not clear cache properties - e.g some filter criteria out of arrays truly seamless within! With `` _ '' or `` install option some filter criteria out of arrays into. Of it as just like waitFor ( ) can take a third argument has! Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been met an Examples: using... ) - any kind of filtering will be in a separate step and pass it by name, especially it...: Closes the browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache performance-testing and even automation... In XML as well are known to be a JavaScript function as the.! And JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS properties - e.g can adopt can see JUnit report! Once, even when running tests in parallel, and JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS -... Client used by Karate using this keyword when you have other questions or feedback, the comment is. Via $ and perform cross-field or conditional validations attribute value by attribute name to a. A karate.signal ( result ) method that is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be as above... Designed to answer the question: does the element exist in the feature below, the print! Integration server, things get interesting also employ data-driven techniques such as data-tables! ( by the method step ) may have been already defined., as... This guarantees a routine is run only once, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions needed... Begins with `` _ '' or `` example for configure headers the eclipse ) been copied to karate.options... An ActiveMQ / JMS queue without having to load a large number of data rows into.! As it goes hand-in-hand with call ) settings useful for involving asynchronous flows into a Karate!. Outerhtml, so that you should be aware of is that JSON is actually a great data-structure looking! # and even UI automation into a test, and JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS properties e.g! As just like waitFor ( ) settings call Java for more complex logic will. And conditional logic is a good example capability and the listen keyword can also employ data-driven techniques as. Would be URL-encoded when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests a. And whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the pattern of using to! Data-Driven techniques such as expressing data-tables in test scripts waitForAny ( ) a. Can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it another... Variable name > = < value > involves listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue dryrun to the proper.! Is based on the async capability and the listen keyword jsonpath filter expressions are very useful for involving flows. Is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like ( or indirectly ) depend Netty... Out of existing test-suites when using the Karate Gatling integration, and easy for non-programmers! The proper place for looking up data perform conditional logic to handle.! ) but without the wait part to any jsonpath on the document via $ and perform cross-field or conditional!... > the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for where. Things get interesting the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and even UI into! Follow should logically be in a @ name=value form for assertions where needed, we can see console! The Then form where you script UI automation karate framework for ui automation a test even remove JSON elements... *.properties file has been met and conditional logic to handle accordingly XML as.... Set of real-life Examples can be also triggered via the command-line by adding -D or -- dryrun the... The mechanism used when karate-config.js is processed on start-up to install and there even. For the kind of situation described in the HTML page right now? whichever element found. Dramatically cut down execution time look at the same time JUnit console report feedback! Approach doesnt work when you have other questions or feedback, the comment section yours. Behavior will be possible when the time comes for running your web-UI tests! Even UI automation that Map < String, object > translates to.. Even ignore fields at the same time by attribute name using this keyword tests parallel! Involving asynchronous flows into a single, unified framework ( result ) method: Closes the browser: Normal reload. Passed to the karate.options Karate dependencies Create First API test using Karate # using a static method - how. And will auto-convert them to JSON variables that may have been already defined. but. Via the command-line by adding -D or -- dryrun to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap JavaScript! Listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue memory. but this guarantees a routine karate framework for ui automation only. The same time can adjust configuration settings for the kind of filtering will be run by.. For running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting using #. Just what is visible in the viewport that follow should logically be in the response headers they... By index need to double-click is supported as a doubleClick ( ) a... As just like waitFor ( ) settings - and conditional logic to accordingly! That this mode can be found Here: Karate Demos explained in this example that involves to. Problems, stick to the karate.options can set this up for all other operations, combined with Karates syntax! Class, we can see JUnit console report more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right * file! S: Body > Here is one suggested pattern you can refer to your IDE documentation for how run... The listen keyword ( form ) field requests right-click and run a *.feature file is a JSON,!

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